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# ---> C
# Prerequisites
*.d
# Object files
*.o
*.ko
*.obj
*.elf
# Linker output
*.ilk
*.map
*.exp
# Precompiled Headers
*.gch
*.pch
# Libraries
*.lib
*.a
*.la
*.lo
# Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs)
*.dll
*.so
*.so.*
*.dylib
# Executables
*.exe
*.out
*.app
*.i*86
*.x86_64
*.hex
# Debug files
*.dSYM/
*.su
*.idb
*.pdb
# Kernel Module Compile Results
*.mod*
*.cmd
.tmp_versions/
modules.order
Module.symvers
Mkfile.old
dkms.conf
*.gz
compiler/*
!.gitignore
!create_crosscompiler.sh

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public
License instead of this License. But first, please read <https://www.gnu.org/
licenses /why-not-lgpl.html>.

3
README.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# IndigoOS
mod testing

13
backup.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
echo "Usage: $0 [file suffix]"
exit 1
fi
archive_name=$(date +%m.%d.%y."$1".tar)
shopt -s extglob
tar -cf $archive_name !(*gz)
pigz -9 $archive_name

42
compiler/create_crosscompiler.sh Executable file
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#!/bin/bash
export PREFIX=/home/indigo/projects/small/indigo_os/compiler/indigo_gcc
export TARGET=x86_64-elf
export PATH="$PREFIX/bin:$PATH"
export JOBS=7
mkdir -p indigo_gcc/
mkdir -p src/
mkdir src/packs
mkdir src/build_binutils
mkdir src/build_gcc
#download the latest binutils
lftp -c "set xfer:clobber on; connect ftp.gnu.org; get -O src/packs/ gnu/binutils/$(lftp -c 'connect ftp.gnu.org; ls gnu/binutils/binutils*.tar.gz' | awk '{print $NF}' | sort -V | tail -n 1)"
#download gcc
#yes, I know, I'm making too many connections, I'm tired as fuck rn
latest_gcc=$(lftp -c 'connect ftp.gnu.org; ls -d gnu/gcc/gcc-*' | grep -E "^d" | awk '{print $NF}' | sort -V | tail -1)
lftp -c "set xfer:clobber on; connect ftp.gnu.org; get -O src/packs/ gnu/gcc/$latest_gcc/$latest_gcc.tar.gz"
cd src/packs/
for f in *tar.gz; do
tar -xf "$f"
done
cd ../build_binutils
../packs/binutils-*/configure --target=$TARGET --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --disable-nls --disable-werror --prefix="$PREFIX" &&
make -j$JOBS all install 2>&1 | tee binutils_build_log
make install
cd ../build_gcc
../packs/gcc-*/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix="$PREFIX" --disable-nls --disable-libssp --enable-languages=c --without-headers &&
make -j$JOBS all-gcc &&
make -j$JOBS all-target-libgcc &&
make install-gcc
make install-target-libgcc

23
notes Normal file
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| type start end size |
| 1 1 0x0000000000000000 0x000000000009FC00 0x000000000009FC00 |
| 2 1 0x000000000009FC00 0x00000000000A0000 0x0000000000000400 |
| 2 1 0x00000000000E0000 0x0000000000100000 0x0000000000020000 |
| 1 1 0x0000000000100000 0x00000000BA6E4000 0x00000000BA5E4000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000BA6E4000 0x00000000BA868000 0x0000000000184000 |
| 3 1 0x00000000BA868000 0x00000000BA878000 0x0000000000010000 |
| 4 1 0x00000000BA878000 0x00000000BB67A000 0x0000000000E02000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000BB67A000 0x00000000BCA37000 0x00000000013BD000 |
| 1 1 0x00000000BCA37000 0x00000000BCA38000 0x0000000000001000 |
| 4 1 0x00000000BCA38000 0x00000000BCC3E000 0x0000000000206000 |
| 1 1 0x00000000BCC3E000 0x00000000BD083000 0x0000000000445000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000BD083000 0x00000000BD7F4000 0x0000000000771000 |
| 1 1 0x00000000BD7F4000 0x00000000BD800000 0x000000000000C000 |
| 1 1 0x0000000100001000 0x000000043F000000 0x000000033EFFF000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000F8000000 0x00000000FC000000 0x0000000004000000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FEC00000 0x00000000FEC01000 0x0000000000001000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FEC10000 0x00000000FEC11000 0x0000000000001000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FEC20000 0x00000000FEC21000 0x0000000000001000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FED00000 0x00000000FED01000 0x0000000000001000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FED61000 0x00000000FED71000 0x0000000000010000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FED80000 0x00000000FED90000 0x0000000000010000 |
| 2 1 0x00000000FEF00000 0x0000000100000000 0x0000000001100000 |

256
src/.gdb_history Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
x 0x7FFE1667
x 0x7FFE1667
x 0x200000
quit
break main
c
next
stepi
next
x 0x200000
return
next
x 0x20000
x 0x20000 4096
dq 0x20000 (4096/8)
dq 0x20000 1
dq 0x20000 2
dq 0x20000 3
dq 0x200000 3
print rsdp.v1->rsdp
print rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr
print (void*)rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr
print (page table*)0x4000
print (page_table*)0x4000
print (page_table*)0x4000->pml4e
print (page_table*)0x4000.pml4e
print (page_table*)0x4000->pml4e
print *(page_table*)0x4000->pml4e
print (page_table*)0x4000.pml4e
print (page_table*)0x4000.pml4e[0]
print (page_table*)0x4000->pml4e[0]
print (page_table*)0x4000.pml4e[0]
print (page_table*)0x4000.pdpe
print (page_table*)0x4000.pde
print (page_table*)0x4000
print *(page_table*)0x4000
print *((page_table*)0x4000)
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pde
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pml4e
print *((page_table*)0x3000).pml4e
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pml4e
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pde
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte
print rsdp.v1.base_addr
print rsdp.v1.rsdt_addr
print (void*)rsdp.v1.rsdt_addr
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte[1]
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte
print *((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[1]
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte
print *((page_table*)0x4000).pte[0]
print ((page_table*)0x4000).pte
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[0]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[1]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[2]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[3]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[4]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[5]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[10]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[1512]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[512]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[513]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[512]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[511]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte[510]
print ((page_table*)0x4000)->pte
quit
break main
c
next
print rsdp.v1.rsdt_addr
print (void*)rsdp.v1.rsdt_addr
quit
break map_page
c
next
print size
next
print table->pde[pde_i]
next
print table->pde[pde_i]
next
print table->pde[pde_i]
next
print table->pde[pde_i]
print table->pte[pte_i]
next
print table->pte[pte_i]
next
x 0x20000
dq 0x20000 30
dq 0x20000 40
print table->pte[pte_i]
context
quit
break map_page
c
next
print table->pte[pte_i0
print table->pte[pte_i]
quit
r
c
quit
c
quit
break panic
c
x 0x7ffe1000
quit
break panic
c
x 0x200000
dq 0x200000
dq 0x200000 4
dq 0x200000 8
search -4 FACP
search -4 FACP
search -4 'FACP'
search -s 'FACP'
search -s 'ACPI'
search -s 'RSDT'
x 0x200000 + 0x667
dq 0x200000 + 0x667
dq (0x200000 + 0x667)
x 0x200000 + 0x667
x/20i 0x200000 + 0x667
x/20x 0x200000 + 0x667
x/100x 0x200000 + 0x667
x/400x 0x200000 + 0x667
x/400x 0x200000 + 0x1000
x/400x 0x200000 + (0x1000)
x/400x 0x200000 + (0x1000-8)
x/400x 0x200000 + (0x1000-8)
quit
break panic
c
x 0x2000
x 0x20000
x 0x200000
x 0x2000000
x 0x200000
x 0x2000000
x 0x200000
x 0x202000
x 0x20b000
x 0x20b000+8
x 0x20b000
x 0x202000
x 0x201000
x 0x200000
x 0x201000
x 0x201000-8
x 0x200000-8
x 0x200000
quit
break panic
c
0x200000
x 0x200000
x/s 0x200000
quit
break panic
c
quit
break panic
c
quit
break panic
c
quit
break panic
c
x 0x20000
x 0x21667
x 0x20667
x 0x200000
x 0x200667
x 0x200667
x/s 0x200667
quit
break panic
c
x apic
quit
break main
c
next
pirnt apic
print apic
print rsdp
print apic
print *apic
(struct apic_header *)((uint64_t)0x200000 + (rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr % 0x1000)
print (struct apic_header *)((uint64_t)0x200000 + (rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr % 0x1000)
quit
break panic
c
prit apic
print apic
print acpi
print *acpi
print acpi
print acpi.sig
quit
break main
c
next
print apic
ptype apic_header
quit
ptype acpi
ptype acpi_header
break main
c
next
print apic
print acpi
print acpi.*
context
print apic
quit
break main
c
next
print apic
print apci_header
ptype apci_header
ptype apci_header
quit
break main
c
next
print acpi
next
print acpi
quit
print acpi
break main
c
print acpi
next
print acpi
next
print acpi
next
print acpi
next
print acpi
ptype acpi_header
quit
quit
quit
quit

BIN
src/amd64_vol2.pdf Normal file
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Binary file not shown.

38
src/bootloader/bios_functions/bios_disk.asm Normal file
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bios_disk:
.load_sectors:
pusha
mov es, dx
mov ah, 0x02 ; read disc sectors
mov ch, 0x00 ; track 0
mov dh, 0x00 ; head 0
mov dl, [stage0.boot_device]
int 0x13
jc .failed
mov ah, 0
popa
ret
.failed:
mov bx, .loadsectors_error
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
push 0
mov al, ah
mov ah, 0 ; you need to clean up the bios print function!
push ax
mov cx, 1
mov bx, sp
call bios_print
mov ah, 1
popa
ret
.loadsectors_error: db "Error loading sectors: ", 0

59
src/bootloader/bios_functions/print.asm Normal file
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;TODO fix null problem, allow direct passes
bios_print:
;push ax ; we need to use ax, so let's push it in case whoever called needs it
pusha
mov ah, 0x0e ; tells bios we're in tty mode
.print_loop:
mov al, [bx] ; al is the char MEANT TO BE CX
cmp al, 0 ; compare the char we're about to print with null
je .fini ; if it is null, we gonna scoot the fuck outta here
test cx, cx ; if cx is zero, ascii, otherwise hex string
jne .print_hex
int 0x10 ; bios call, actually prints the char
.print_hex_ret:
inc bx ; adds to the pointer
jmp .print_loop ; goes back to loop start
.fini:
mov al, 0xd ; \r
int 0x10
mov al, 0xa ; \n
int 0x10
popa
ret
.print_hex:
mov al, '0'
int 0x10
mov al, 'x'
int 0x10
mov al, [bx] ; shift bits to get first nibble
shr al, 4
call .bios_print_nibble
mov al, [bx]
and al, 0x0f
call .bios_print_nibble
mov al, ' '
int 0x10
jmp .print_hex_ret
.bios_print_nibble:
cmp al, 9 ; see if letter worthy
ja .print_hex_letter
add al, 0x30 ;'1'
int 0x10
ret
.print_hex_letter:
add al, 0x57 ;'a'
int 0x10
ret

145
src/bootloader/bootloader.asm Normal file
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[bits 16]
[extern _kernel_size]
[extern _bootloader_stage1_size]
[extern _kernel_loc]
;TODO clean up unreal mode
jmp stage0
times 3-($-$$) db 0x90 ; a temporary dirty fix to emulate a floppy disk insted of a hard risk
times 59 db 0 ; (TODO support hard disks)
stage0:
jmp 0:.entry
.entry:
mov ax, 0
mov ds, ax
mov bp, ax
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
mov ax, 0x8fc0
mov ss, ax
mov ax, 0xfffe
mov sp, ax
mov al, 0x92
or al, 2
out 0x92, al
mov [.boot_device], dl
mov bx, .loadstage2_msg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
; TODO put in an error message and a maximum fail count
.load_stage1:
mov al, _bootloader_stage1_size
mov cl, 0x2 ; read sector 2
mov dx, 0x0 ; dest segment 0
mov bx, 0x7e00 ; dest offst 0
call bios_disk.load_sectors
jmp mbr_end.entry
.boot_device: db 0
.loadstage2_msg: db "Loading (stage 2) bootloader...", 0
%include "bootloader/bios_functions/bios_disk.asm"
%include "bootloader/bios_functions/print.asm"
times 510 - ($-$$) db 0
dw 0xaa55
%include "bootloader/gdt.asm"
boot_msg:
.debugmsg: db "debugeroni", 0
.kernel_loaded: db `Kernel loaded!\r\nBooting to protected, then long mode...`, 0
.stage2_loaded: db `Done loading bootloader!\r\nLoading kernel...`, 0
mbr_end:
.entry:
; entering unreal mode
mov bx, boot_msg.stage2_loaded
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
cli
push ds
lgdt [protected_gdt.descriptor]
mov eax, cr0
or al, 1
mov cr0, eax
jmp $+2
mov bx, 0x10 ; descriptor 2, the data descriptor
mov ds, bx ; put it into the segment register
mov es, bx ;
and al, 0xfe
mov cr0, eax
pop ds
sti
;we are now in unreal mode
mov cl, 5 ; starting sector TODO automate this
mov edi, _kernel_loc
.loop:
mov al, 0x1 ; sector count
mov dx, 0x0 ; dest addr segment
mov bx, 0x500 ; dest addr offset
call bios_disk.load_sectors
inc cl
push cx
mov esi, 0x500
mov ecx, 512
a32 rep movsb
nop
mov bx, boot_msg.debugmsg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
pop cx
cmp cl, _kernel_size
je .loop_end
jmp .loop
.loop_end:
mov bx, boot_msg.kernel_loaded
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
call detect_arch
call vbe_init
done:
call enter_longmode
jmp $
%include "bootloader/cpu_check.asm"
%include "bootloader/video.asm"
%include "bootloader/enter_kernel.asm"
times 2048 - ($ - $$) db 0

100
src/bootloader/cpu_check.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
; TODO move this file to something like "system_check", now that we do ram checks here
[extern _meminfo_loc]
detect_arch:
; todo: figure out how to just handle invalid opcode exceptions, it would be faster and (maybe?) easier
; todo: digest this part a little better when it's _not_ 1am.
pushfd ; pushes eflags to stack
pushfd ; pushes eflags to stack a second time
xor dword [esp], 0x00200000 ; inverses the ID bit to see if cpuid is a thing
pop eax ;gets our modified cpuid back
xor eax, [esp] ; checks with the first time we pushed it; the OG eflag
popfd ; pops the flags back I guess?
and eax, 0x00200000 ; checks to see if the bit was inverted
jz .print_cpuid_error
;now we detect if we support long slong (aka 64 bit)
;https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 21
;So apperently some dumbass engineers thought it would be funny to sell CPUs that have the long mode bit set without it being supported, dispite including it in their own documentation.
;there's a work around by checking other bits, and it's a low priority TODO. However, I really think us coming accross this will be extremely rare.
mov eax, 0x80000001
cpuid ;cpuid returns into edx
and edx, 0x0020000000 ; the 21st bit is cpuid.
jz .print_long_error
mov eax, 0x00000001
cpuid
and edx, 0x00000200
jz .print_apic_error
mov bx, .no_error
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
;mapping memory
mov ax, 0
mov es, ax
mov ax, _meminfo_loc
mov di, ax
mov eax, 0xe820
mov ebx, 0
mov ecx, 24
mov edx, 0x534d4150
int 0x15
jc .print_mem_error
cmp eax, 0x534D4150
jne .print_mem_error
.mem_detect_loop:
add di, 24
mov [di + 20], dword 1
mov eax, 0xe820
mov ecx, 24
int 0x15
jc .mem_detected
cmp ebx, 0
je .mem_detected
jmp .mem_detect_loop
.mem_detected:
ret
.print_cpuid_error:
mov bx, .cpuid_error
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.print_long_error:
mov bx, .arch_error ; lets just test for now
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.print_apic_error:
mov bx, .apic_error
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
.print_mem_error:
mov bx, .mem_error
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
.cpuid_error:
db "No CPUID capabilitity", 0x0
.arch_error:
db "This operating system was compiled to run in 64 bit mode!", 0x0
.apic_error:
db "No apic support", 0x0
.mem_error:
db "Could not get information on memory!", 0x0
.no_error:
db "CPU info gathered!", 0x0

80
src/bootloader/enter_kernel.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
[extern main]
[extern _kernel_stack_loc]
enter_longmode:
cli
; TODO check if a20 is already set
mov al, 0x92
or al, 2
out 0x92, al
lgdt [protected_gdt.descriptor]
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 0x1
mov cr0, eax
mov eax, 0x8
mov ds, eax
jmp 0x8:init_longmode
bits 32
init_longmode:
mov ebp, 0xffff
mov esp, ebp
mov ax, PROTECTED_DATA_SEGMENT
mov ds, ax
mov ss, ax
mov es, ax
mov fs, ax
mov gs, ax
mov edi, 0x4000 ; 0x3000
mov cr3, edi
mov eax, 0
mov ecx, 0xc00 ; 0x1000
rep stosd
mov edi, cr3
mov DWORD [edi], 0x5003 ; pml4e[0] = pdpe
add edi, 0x1000
mov DWORD [edi], 0x6003 ; pdpe[0] = pde
add edi, 0x1000
mov DWORD [edi], 0x83 ; pde[0] = pte
mov eax, cr4
or eax, 1 << 5
mov cr4, eax
;end of setting up pages
mov ecx, 0xc0000080
rdmsr
or eax, 1 << 8
wrmsr
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 1 << 31 | 1 << 0 ; this is where we set paging and protected mode (respectively)!
mov cr0, eax
mov ecx, 0xc0000080
rdmsr
or eax, 1 << 8
wrmsr
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 1 << 31
mov cr0, eax
lgdt [long_gdt.descriptor]
jmp LONG_CODE_SEGMENT:enter_kernel
enter_kernel:
bits 64
mov rbp, _kernel_stack_loc
mov rsp, _kernel_stack_loc
call main ; where we actually call the kernel
jmp $
ret

87
src/bootloader/enter_kernel_backup Normal file
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[extern main]
[extern _kernel_stack_loc]
enter_longmode:
cli
; TODO check if a20 is already set
mov al, 0x92
or al, 2
out 0x92, al
lgdt [protected_gdt.descriptor]
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 0x1
mov cr0, eax
mov eax, 0x8
mov ds, eax
jmp 0x8:init_longmode
bits 32
init_longmode:
mov ebp, 0xffff
mov esp, ebp
mov ax, PROTECTED_DATA_SEGMENT
mov ds, ax
mov ss, ax
mov es, ax
mov fs, ax
mov gs, ax
mov edi, 0x3000 ; this is where our page tables will be
mov cr3, edi
mov eax, 0 ; what we'll be putting there
mov ecx, 4096 ; how many times we'll put it there
rep stosd ; kinda like memset(&edi, ecx, edi)
mov edi, cr3
mov DWORD [edi], 0x4003 ; pml4e[0] = pdpe
add edi, 0x1000
mov DWORD [edi], 0x5003 ; pdpe[0] = pde
add edi, 0x1000
mov DWORD [edi], 0x6003 ; pde[0] = pte
add edi, 0x1000
mov ebx, 0x00000003 ; the flags
mov ecx, 512; the loop counter, will map 2 mib
.idmap_pte_loop:
mov DWORD [edi], ebx
add ebx, 0x1000 ; physical address. Should leave us at 0x7000
add edi, 8 ; position in page table
loop .idmap_pte_loop
mov eax, cr4
or eax, 1 << 5
mov cr4, eax
mov ecx, 0xc0000080
rdmsr
or eax, 1 << 8
wrmsr
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 1 << 31 | 1 << 0 ; this is where we set paging and protected mode (respectively)!
mov cr0, eax
mov ecx, 0xc0000080
rdmsr
or eax, 1 << 8
wrmsr
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 1 << 31
mov cr0, eax
lgdt [long_gdt.descriptor]
jmp LONG_CODE_SEGMENT:enter_kernel
enter_kernel:
bits 64
mov rbp, _kernel_stack_loc
mov rsp, _kernel_stack_loc
call main ; where we actually call the kernel
jmp $
ret

70
src/bootloader/gdt.asm Normal file
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protected_gdt:
.gdt_start: ; we need to start with a null gdt
dd 0
dd 0
.gdt_code:
dw 0xffff
dw 0x0000
db 0x00
db 10011010b
db 11001111b
db 0x0000
.gdt_data:
dw 0xffff
dw 0x0000
db 0x00
db 10010010b
db 11001111b
db 0x0000
.gdt_end:
.descriptor:
dw .gdt_end - .gdt_start - 1
dq .gdt_start
PROTECTED_CODE_SEGMENT equ .gdt_code - .gdt_start
PROTECTED_DATA_SEGMENT equ .gdt_data - .gdt_start
long_gdt:
.gdt_start:
;and now we set up a temporary GDT creating a 1:1 mapping
dw 0xffff
dw 0
db 0 ;this is the invalid GDT
db 0
db 1
db 0
;now for the code GDT:
.gdt_code:
dw 0 ; segment limit 15:00 (I don't think this matters in 64 bit mode!)
dw 0 ; base address 15:00
db 0 ; base address 23:16
db 10011010b ;1st flags and type. The first four bits (1010) are type, and the last are flags. See https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~exr/lectures/opsys/10_11/lectures/os-dev.pdf
db 10101111b ;1111 is segment limit continued. 0: available, 0: 64 bit (change?), 1: 32 bit segment, 1: granularity (shifts 3 hex didgets to get all of memory)
db 0
; the data GDT is the exact same, and it overlaps. We don't care, we'll be booting into long mode right after then programming in C
; TODO: clarify once you figure out what you're doing
.gdt_data:
dw 0
dw 0
db 0
db 10010010b
db 00000000b
db 0
.gdt_end: ; later calculates offset in defs below
.descriptor:
dw .gdt_end - .gdt_start - 1
dq .gdt_start
LONG_CODE_SEGMENT equ .gdt_code - .gdt_start
LONG_DATA_SEGMENT equ .gdt_data - .gdt_start

10
src/bootloader/multicore.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
multicore_boot:
jmp $
mov ecx, 0x0000001b
rdmsr
;mov [apic_register] dx:ax
apic_register: dq 0
multicore_msg1: db "CPUs available: ", 0

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[extern _vbe_infoblock]
vbe_init:
.init_video:
;getting edid
mov ax, 0
mov es, ax
mov di, 0x500
mov ax, 0x4f15
mov bx, 0x1
mov cx, 0
mov dx, 0
int 0x10
cmp al, 0x4f
jne .vbe_unsupported
cmp ah, 0x00
jne .edid_error
mov ah, [0x500+58]
shr ah, 4
mov al, [0x500+56]
push ax
mov ah, [0x500+61]
shr ah, 4
mov al, [0x500+59]
push ax
mov al, BYTE [0x500+20]
test al, 0x80
jz .res_unsupported ; uses an analog signal
shr al, 4
and al, 7
.cdp_6:
cmp al, 0b001
jne .cdp_8
mov ax, 18
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_8:
cmp al, 0b010
jne .cdp_10
mov ax, 24
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_10:
cmp al, 0b011
jne .cdp_12
mov ax, 30
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_12:
cmp al, 0b100
jne .cdp_14
mov ax, 36
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_14:
cmp al, 0b101
jne .cdp_16
mov ax, 42
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_16:
cmp al, 0b110
jne .cdp_undefined
mov ax, 48
jmp .colordepth_found
.cdp_undefined:
mov ax, 24
; TODO print warning, this only happens when we can't find bitdepth
.colordepth_found:
push ax
; _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
; When we get things sorted out, some time you should come back here and find a good resolution that isn't
; native as a fallback.
; Maybe redo this part in C?
;getting available modes
mov ax, 0
mov es, ax
mov ax, 0x500
mov di, ax
;get vbe capabilities
mov ax, 0x4f00
int 0x10
cmp ax, 0x4f
jne .vbe_generic_error
cmp DWORD [0x500], "VESA"
jne .vbe_generic_error
; now we loop through the modes
mov ebx, [0x500+14] ; pointer to modes
mov di, 0x600
mov ax, 0
mov es, ax
.mode_loop:
mov ax, 0x4f01
mov cx, [ebx]
cmp cx, 0xffff
je .res_unsupported
int 0x10
mov ax, [esp]
cmp al, BYTE [0x600+25] ; might be wrong
jne .mode_loop_next
; width (1920)
mov ax, [esp+4]
cmp ax, [0x600+18]
jne .mode_loop_next
; height
mov ax, [esp+2]
cmp ax, [0x600+20]
jne .mode_loop_next
jmp .mode_found
.mode_loop_next:
add ebx, 2
jmp .mode_loop
.mode_found:
mov ax, 0x4f02
mov bx, cx
int 0x10
;getting rid of stack
pop ax
pop ax
pop ax
ret
; ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.vbe_unsupported:
mov bx, .unsupported_msg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.vbe_generic_error:
mov bx, .lazyerror_msg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.edid_error:
mov bx, .ediderror_msg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.res_unsupported:
mov bx, .res_unsupported_msg
mov cx, 0
call bios_print
jmp $
.unsupported_msg: db "Your BIOS doesn't support VESA. It's probably time to get a new computer!", 0
.lazyerror_msg: db "A VESA error has occured.", 0
.ediderror_msg: db "EDID error", 0
.res_unsupported_msg: db "Native resolution not supported!", 0

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quit
quit
c
quit

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#include <stdint.h>
#include <libc.h>
struct rsdp_v1 {
char sig[8];
uint8_t checksum;
char OEMID[6];
uint8_t version;
uint32_t rsdt_addr;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct rsdp_v2 {
struct rsdp_v1 v1;
uint32_t len;
uint64_t xsdt_addr;
uint8_t extended_checksum;
uint8_t reserved[3];
} __attribute__((packed));
typedef union rsdp_t {
struct rsdp_v1 v1;
struct rsdp_v2 v2;
} rsdp_t;
struct acpi_header {
char sig[4];
uint32_t length;
uint8_t revision;
uint8_t checksum;
char OEMID[6];
char OEMTableID[8];
uint32_t OEMRevision;
uint32_t creator_id;
uint32_t creator_revision;
} __attribute__((packed));
rsdp_t *find_RSDP();

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#ifndef _STRING_H_
#define _STRING_H_
#include <stddef.h>
int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
int strncmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t n);
void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, size_t n); //TODO
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
#endif

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#include <stdbool.h>
//paging errors
#define PAGEMAP_LOCATION 0x4000
#ifndef _PAGE_H_
#define _PAGE_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#define PAGE_VIRT_UNALIGNED 0x01
#define PAGE_PHYS_UNALIGNED 0x02
#define PAGE_PHYS_INVALID 0x03
#define PAGE_VIRT_INVALID 0x04
//*
typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) {
unsigned int present : 1; // present, must be one when accessed.
unsigned int read_write : 1; // if set to one, read and write is set
unsigned int user : 1; // another bit we'll never use, for seperating CPL 0-2 and 3+
unsigned int writethrough_cache : 1; // honestly maybe I should look into caching
unsigned int cachable : 1; // hardware chaching. 0 is enabled, whats the worst that could happen?
unsigned int accessed : 1; // we'll never use any of these!
unsigned int zg0 : 1; // needs to be (and will be) zero'd
unsigned int size : 1;
unsigned int zg1 : 1; // needs to be (and will be) zero'd
unsigned int software_marks : 3; // available for our own use, I doubt we'll use it in such a simple thing
uintptr_t base_ptr : 40;
unsigned int available:11;
} page_entry;
typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) {
page_entry pml4e[512];
page_entry pdpe[512];
page_entry pde[512];
page_entry pte[512];
} page_table;
#define MEM_AVAILABLE 0
#define MEM_RESERVED 1
#define MEM_APCI_RECLAIMABLE 2
#define MEM_APCI_NVS 3
#define MEM_BAD 4
#define PAGE_SIZE_4K 12
#define PAGE_SIZE_2M 21
#define PAGE_SIZE_1G 30
struct memory_table {
uint64_t base;
uint64_t length;
uint32_t type;
uint32_t ACPI; //we'll never use this
} __attribute__((packed));
extern void* _meminfo_loc;
bool map_page(uintptr_t virtual_addr, uintptr_t physical_addr, uint8_t PAGE_SIZE);
void debug_print_memory();
#endif

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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
// 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
//
// \license The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on
// embedded systems with a very limited resources.
// Use this instead of bloated standard/newlib printf.
// These routines are thread safe and reentrant.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _PRINTF_H_
#define _PRINTF_H_
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* Output a character to a custom device like UART, used by the printf() function
* This function is declared here only. You have to write your custom implementation somewhere
* \param character Character to output
*/
void _putchar(char character);
/**
* Tiny printf implementation
* You have to implement _putchar if you use printf()
* To avoid conflicts with the regular printf() API it is overridden by macro defines
* and internal underscore-appended functions like printf_() are used
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are written into the array, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define printf printf_
int printf_(const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny sprintf implementation
* Due to security reasons (buffer overflow) YOU SHOULD CONSIDER USING (V)SNPRINTF INSTEAD!
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string. MUST be big enough to store the output!
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define sprintf sprintf_
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny snprintf/vsnprintf implementation
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string
* \param count The maximum number of characters to store in the buffer, including a terminating null character
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that COULD have been written into the buffer, not counting the terminating
* null character. A value equal or larger than count indicates truncation. Only when the returned value
* is non-negative and less than count, the string has been completely written.
*/
#define snprintf snprintf_
#define vsnprintf vsnprintf_
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...);
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* Tiny vprintf implementation
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define vprintf vprintf_
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* printf with output function
* You may use this as dynamic alternative to printf() with its fixed _putchar() output
* \param out An output function which takes one character and an argument pointer
* \param arg An argument pointer for user data passed to output function
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are sent to the output function, not counting the terminating null character
*/
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif // _PRINTF_H_

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//these com values are just guesses! Figure out how to find em later if you want
#ifndef _SERIAL_H_
#define _SERIAL_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#define COM1 0x3f8
#define COM2 0x2f8
#define COM3 0x3e8
#define COM4 0x2e8
int init_serial(uint16_t port);
void serial_out(uint16_t port, char *string);
void _putchar_serial(uint16_t port, char character);
#endif

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#include <stdint.h>
void dump_video();
//this struct was stolen from wiki.osdev.org
struct mode_info {
uint16_t attributes;
uint8_t window_a;
uint8_t window_b;
uint16_t granularity;
uint16_t window_size;
uint16_t segment_a;
uint16_t segment_b;
uint32_t win_func_ptr;
uint16_t pitch;
uint16_t width;
uint16_t height;
uint8_t w_char;
uint8_t y_char;
uint8_t planes;
uint8_t bpp;
uint8_t banks;
uint8_t memory_model;
uint8_t bank_size;
uint8_t image_pages;
uint8_t reserved0;
uint8_t red_mask;
uint8_t red_position;
uint8_t green_mask;
uint8_t green_position;
uint8_t blue_mask;
uint8_t blue_position;
uint8_t reserved_mask;
uint8_t reserved_position;
uint8_t direct_color_attributes;
uint32_t framebuffer;
uint32_t off_screen_mem_off;
uint16_t off_screen_mem_size;
uint8_t reserved1[206];
} __attribute__((packed));
struct vbe_infoblock {
char vbe_signature[4];
uint16_t vbe_version;
uint16_t oem_ptr[2];
uint8_t capabilities[4];
uint32_t videomodeptr;
uint16_t total_memory;
} __attribute__((packed));

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#include <stdbool.h>
#include <serial.h>
#include <printf.h>
#include <paging.h>
#include <video.h>
#include <acpi.h>
void panic() { // will fill with debugging info latter
printf("Kernel panic!\n");
for(;;);
}
void main() {
if(!(init_serial(COM1))) {
printf("\nKernal started on CPU 1!\n"); // will detect cpu later
}
rsdp_t *rsdp;
struct memory_table *table = (struct memory_table *)&_meminfo_loc;
struct vbe_infoblock *vbe_info = (struct vbe_infoblock *)0x500;
debug_print_memory();
rsdp = find_RSDP();
if(!(rsdp)) {
printf("Couldn't find the RSDP... uhh, not sure what to do now.\n");
panic();
}
dump_video();
if(rsdp->v1.version) {
map_page(0x200000, (rsdp->v2.xsdt_addr / 0x1000) * 0x1000, PAGE_SIZE_4K);
}
else {
map_page(0x200000, (rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr / 0x1000) * 0x1000, PAGE_SIZE_4K);
struct acpi_header *acpi = (struct acpi_header *)((uint64_t)0x200000 + (rsdp->v1.rsdt_addr % 0x1000));
}
printf("kernel is done, you can ignore this panic\n");
panic();
}

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#include <acpi.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <printf.h>
static int RSDP_verify(void *rsdp_pointer) {
printf("Verifying potential RSDP at address 0x%p... ", rsdp_pointer);
union rsdp_t *rsdp = rsdp_pointer;
uint8_t checksum = 0;
char *rsdp_csm_ptr = rsdp_pointer;
int i;
if(checksum) return 0;
if(rsdp->v1.version) {
printf("APCI revision > 2.\n");
checksum = 0;
printf("len : %i\n", rsdp->v2.len);
for(i = 0; i < rsdp->v2.len; i++) {
checksum += rsdp_csm_ptr[i];
}
}
else {
printf("APCI revision 1.\n");
for(i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
checksum += rsdp_csm_ptr[i];
}
}
if(checksum) {
return 0;
printf("Invalid, searching on.\n");
}
printf("RSDP Verified!\n");
return 1;
}
// TODO: move these when you gain your sanity
rsdp_t *find_RSDP() { // finds root descriptor
const char sig[9] = "RSD PTR ";
uintptr_t *p = (void *)0x040e;
uintptr_t *ebda_unshifted = (void *)p;
// TODO you REALLY need to verify this.
void *ebda = (void *)((uintptr_t)ebda_unshifted << (uintptr_t)4 & (uintptr_t)0xfffff);
for(void *i = ebda; i <= ebda + 64000; i += 16) {
if(!(memcmp(sig, i, 8))) {
if(RSDP_verify(i)) {
return(i);
}
}
}
for(void *i = (void *)0xe0000; i <= (void *)0xfffff; i += 16) {
if(!(memcmp(sig, i, 8))) {
if(RSDP_verify(i)) {
return(i);
}
}
}
}

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#include <stdint.h>
#include <serial.h>
//you can add more options if you need to later
// PORT + 3: values are from bit zero (right) to left
// dlab(1) | misteryyy bone(1) | paraty(3) | stop bits (1) | character length (2)
static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t value) {
//here "a" is the a register, and "Nd" is inteter (I think?) in the d register
asm volatile(
"outb %0, %1" :: "a"(value), "Nd"(port)
);
}
static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) {
uint8_t ret;
asm volatile(
"inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port)
);
return(ret);
}
int init_serial(uint16_t port) {
outb(port + 1, 0x00); // disable them fuckin interupts
outb(port + 3, 0x80); // sets dlab, allowing custom serial speeds
outb(port + 0, 0x06); // speed is 115200/6
outb(port + 1, 0x00);
outb(port + 3, 0x03); // disables dlab, as well as 8 bit char len, 1 stop bit, no paraty, no mystery
outb(port + 2, 0xc7); // I have no fucking clue what this means
outb(port + 4, 0x0b); // don't know what this means eather... delete if you can
outb(port + 4, 0x1e); // loopback mode (where the hell is this documented????)
outb(port + 0, 0xae); // test char
if(inb(port + 0) != 0xae)
return 1;
outb(port + 4, 0x0f); // dissable interupts
return 0;
}
void _putchar_serial(uint16_t port, char msg) {
while(!(inb(port + 5) & 0x20)); //wait for transmit to be doneroni
outb(port, msg);
}

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#include <printf.h>
#include <video.h>
void dump_video() {
struct mode_info *video = (struct mode_info *)0x600;
printf("Video info:\nx:\t%u\ny:\t%u\nbbp:\t%u\nloc:\t0x%p\n", video->width, video->height, video->bpp, video->framebuffer);
}

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#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
//#include <printf.h>
// you need to sort all these into diffrent files! TODO
int strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, unsigned int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; ((i <= n) && (s1[i] != '\0') && (s2[i] != '\0')); i++) {
if(s1[i] != s2[i]) {
return(s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
}
return(s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
int i;
for(i = 0; ((s1[i] != '\0') && (s2[i] != '\0')); i++) {
if(s1[i] != s2[i]) {
return(s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
}
return(s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n) {
const unsigned char *p1 = s1; // Why is c such a bitch?
const unsigned char *p2 = s2;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(p1[i] != p2[i]) {
return(p1[i] - p2[i]);
}
}
return(p1[n-1] - p2[n-1]);
}
void strcpy(char *dest, char *src) {
for(unsigned int i = 0; src[i] != '\0'; i++){
dest[i] = src[i];
}
}
void memcpy(char *dest, char *src, size_t n) {
for(unsigned int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
dest[i] = src[i];
}
}

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#include <printf.h>
#include <paging.h>
#include <stdint.h>
// for now, this will always remain the same.
// If this ever isn't the case, we'll add paramaters to the paging functions.
// We will also never need to mess with many bits,
// as we are not implimenting security for a bare metal fractal generator.
// Also, is this really the cleanest way to do things?
//after we get paging working, we can probably remove these structs and replace them with plain old uint_16ts.
void debug_print_memory() {
struct memory_table *memtable = (struct memory_table *)&_meminfo_loc;
printf(" __________________________________________________________________________\n");
printf("| type\tstart\t\t\tend\t\t\tsize\t\t |\n");
printf("|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n");
for(unsigned int i = 0; memtable[i].length > 0; i++) {
printf("| %u %u\t0x%p\t0x%p\t0x%p |\n", memtable[i].type, memtable[i].ACPI, memtable[i].base, (memtable[i].base + memtable[i].length), memtable[i].length);
}
printf("----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
/**
* You can critisise the quality of this function all you want, it's messy due to planning mistakes
* and I'm planning on sanatising it.
* BUT, don't critisise it _just_ for using goto, that's bullshit. See the following links.
*
* https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/process/coding-style.html "goto" section
* https://koblents.com/Ches/Links/Month-Mar-2013/20-Using-Goto-in-Linux-Kernel-Code/
**/
bool map_page(uintptr_t virtual_addr, uintptr_t physical_addr, uint8_t size) {
printf("map page called\n");
if((virtual_addr % (1 << size)) || (physical_addr % (1 << size))) {
return 0;
}
page_table *table = (page_table *)PAGEMAP_LOCATION;
int pte_i = (virtual_addr >> 12) & 0x1ff;
int pde_i = (virtual_addr >> 21) & 0x1ff;
int pdpe_i = (virtual_addr >> 30) & 0x1ff;
int pml4e_i = (virtual_addr >> 39) & 0x1ff;
//TODO remove this debugging info
printf("Virtual offsets:\npte:\t\t%i\npde:\t\t%i\npdpe:\t\t%i\npml4e\t\t%i\n", pte_i, pde_i, pdpe_i, pml4e_i);
if(table->pml4e[pml4e_i].present) {
if(table->pml4e[pml4e_i].base_ptr != (uintptr_t)&table->pdpe[pdpe_i] >> 12) goto error;
if(table->pdpe[pdpe_i].present) {
if(size == PAGE_SIZE_1G) {
if(table->pdpe[pdpe_i].base_ptr == (uintptr_t)physical_addr >> 30 & 0x1ff)
return true;
goto error;
}
if(table->pdpe[pdpe_i].base_ptr != (uintptr_t)&table->pde[pde_i] >> 12) goto error;
if(table->pde[pde_i].present) {
if(size == PAGE_SIZE_2M) {
if(table->pde[pde_i].base_ptr == (uintptr_t)physical_addr >> 21 & 0x1ff)
return true;
goto error;
}
if(table->pde[pde_i].base_ptr != (uintptr_t)&table->pte[pte_i] >> 12) goto error;
if(table->pte[pte_i].present) {
if(table->pte[pte_i].base_ptr != ((physical_addr >> 12) & 0x1ff)) goto error;
return true;
}
else goto mod_page_pte;
}
else goto mod_page_pde;
}
else goto mod_page_pdpe;
}
else {
table->pml4e[pml4e_i].base_ptr = (uintptr_t)&table->pdpe[pdpe_i] >> 12;
table->pdpe[pml4e_i].read_write = 1;
table->pml4e[pml4e_i].present = 1;
mod_page_pdpe:
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].read_write = 1;
if(size == PAGE_SIZE_1G) {
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].size = 1;
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].base_ptr = physical_addr >> 30;
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].present = 1;
return true;
}
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].base_ptr = (uintptr_t)&table->pde[pde_i] >> 12;
table->pdpe[pdpe_i].present = 1;
mod_page_pde:
table->pde[pde_i].read_write = 1;
if(size == PAGE_SIZE_2M) {
table->pde[pde_i].size = 1;
table->pde[pde_i].base_ptr = physical_addr >> 21;
table->pde[pde_i].present = 1;
return true;
}
table->pde[pde_i].base_ptr = (uintptr_t)&table->pte[pte_i] >> 12;
table->pde[pde_i].present = 1;
mod_page_pte:
table->pte[pte_i].base_ptr = (physical_addr >> 12);
table->pte[pte_i].read_write = 1;
table->pte[pte_i].present = 1;
return true;
}
error:
printf("Page allocation error!\n");
return false;
}

924
src/kernel/libs/printf.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
// 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
//
// \license The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and (v)snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on
// embedded systems with a very limited resources. These routines are thread
// safe and reentrant!
// Use this instead of the bloated standard/newlib printf cause these use
// malloc for printf (and may not be thread safe).
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "printf.h"
//this is my own ugly library
#include <serial.h>
//and my options
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T
// define this globally (e.g. gcc -DPRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H ...) to include the
// printf_config.h header file
// default: undefined
#ifdef PRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H
#include "printf_config.h"
#endif
// 'ntoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted
// numeric number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)
// default: 32 byte
#ifndef PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE
#define PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U
#endif
// 'ftoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted
// float number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)
// default: 32 byte
#ifndef PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE
#define PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U
#endif
// support for the floating point type (%f)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#endif
// support for exponential floating point notation (%e/%g)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif
// define the default floating point precision
// default: 6 digits
#ifndef PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION
#define PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION 6U
#endif
// define the largest float suitable to print with %f
// default: 1e9
#ifndef PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT 1e9
#endif
// support for the long long types (%llu or %p)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#endif
// support for the ptrdiff_t type (%t)
// ptrdiff_t is normally defined in <stddef.h> as long or long long type
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T
#endif
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// internal flag definitions
#define FLAGS_ZEROPAD (1U << 0U)
#define FLAGS_LEFT (1U << 1U)
#define FLAGS_PLUS (1U << 2U)
#define FLAGS_SPACE (1U << 3U)
#define FLAGS_HASH (1U << 4U)
#define FLAGS_UPPERCASE (1U << 5U)
#define FLAGS_CHAR (1U << 6U)
#define FLAGS_SHORT (1U << 7U)
#define FLAGS_LONG (1U << 8U)
#define FLAGS_LONG_LONG (1U << 9U)
#define FLAGS_PRECISION (1U << 10U)
#define FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP (1U << 11U)
// import float.h for DBL_MAX
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
#include <float.h>
#endif
// output function type
typedef void (*out_fct_type)(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen);
// wrapper (used as buffer) for output function type
typedef struct {
void (*fct)(char character, void* arg);
void* arg;
} out_fct_wrap_type;
// internal buffer output
static inline void _out_buffer(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
if (idx < maxlen) {
((char*)buffer)[idx] = character;
}
}
// internal null output
static inline void _out_null(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)character; (void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;
}
// internal _putchar wrapper
static inline void _out_char(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;
if (character) {
_putchar_serial(COM1, character); // later we should figure out a way to not specifify exclusively com1
}
}
// internal output function wrapper
static inline void _out_fct(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)idx; (void)maxlen;
if (character) {
// buffer is the output fct pointer
((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->fct(character, ((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->arg);
}
}
// internal secure strlen
// \return The length of the string (excluding the terminating 0) limited by 'maxsize'
static inline unsigned int _strnlen_s(const char* str, size_t maxsize)
{
const char* s;
for (s = str; *s && maxsize--; ++s);
return (unsigned int)(s - str);
}
// internal test if char is a digit (0-9)
// \return true if char is a digit
static inline bool _is_digit(char ch)
{
return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');
}
// internal ASCII string to unsigned int conversion
static unsigned int _atoi(const char** str)
{
unsigned int i = 0U;
while (_is_digit(**str)) {
i = i * 10U + (unsigned int)(*((*str)++) - '0');
}
return i;
}
// output the specified string in reverse, taking care of any zero-padding
static size_t _out_rev(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, const char* buf, size_t len, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
const size_t start_idx = idx;
// pad spaces up to given width
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && !(flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {
for (size_t i = len; i < width; i++) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// reverse string
while (len) {
out(buf[--len], buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
// append pad spaces up to given width
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (idx - start_idx < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
return idx;
}
// internal itoa format
static size_t _ntoa_format(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, char* buf, size_t len, bool negative, unsigned int base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
// pad leading zeros
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
if (width && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {
width--;
}
while ((len < prec) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
while ((flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (len < width) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
// handle hash
if (flags & FLAGS_HASH) {
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) && len && ((len == prec) || (len == width))) {
len--;
if (len && (base == 16U)) {
len--;
}
}
if ((base == 16U) && !(flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'x';
}
else if ((base == 16U) && (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'X';
}
else if ((base == 2U) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'b';
}
if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
if (negative) {
buf[len++] = '-';
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {
buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {
buf[len++] = ' ';
}
}
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);
}
// internal itoa for 'long' type
static size_t _ntoa_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long value, bool negative, unsigned long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
// no hash for 0 values
if (!value) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;
}
// write if precision != 0 and value is != 0
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {
do {
const char digit = (char)(value % base);
buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;
value /= base;
} while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));
}
return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);
}
// internal itoa for 'long long' type
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
static size_t _ntoa_long_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long long value, bool negative, unsigned long long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
// no hash for 0 values
if (!value) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;
}
// write if precision != 0 and value is != 0
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {
do {
const char digit = (char)(value % base);
buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;
value /= base;
} while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));
}
return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);
}
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
// forward declaration so that _ftoa can switch to exp notation for values > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT
static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags);
#endif
// internal ftoa for fixed decimal floating point
static size_t _ftoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
double diff = 0.0;
// powers of 10
static const double pow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };
// test for special values
if (value != value)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "nan", 3, width, flags);
if (value < -DBL_MAX)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "fni-", 4, width, flags);
if (value > DBL_MAX)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? "fni+" : "fni", (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? 4U : 3U, width, flags);
// test for very large values
// standard printf behavior is to print EVERY whole number digit -- which could be 100s of characters overflowing your buffers == bad
if ((value > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT) || (value < -PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT)) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
return _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);
#else
return 0U;
#endif
}
// test for negative
bool negative = false;
if (value < 0) {
negative = true;
value = 0 - value;
}
// set default precision, if not set explicitly
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;
}
// limit precision to 9, cause a prec >= 10 can lead to overflow errors
while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (prec > 9U)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
prec--;
}
int whole = (int)value;
double tmp = (value - whole) * pow10[prec];
unsigned long frac = (unsigned long)tmp;
diff = tmp - frac;
if (diff > 0.5) {
++frac;
// handle rollover, e.g. case 0.99 with prec 1 is 1.0
if (frac >= pow10[prec]) {
frac = 0;
++whole;
}
}
else if (diff < 0.5) {
}
else if ((frac == 0U) || (frac & 1U)) {
// if halfway, round up if odd OR if last digit is 0
++frac;
}
if (prec == 0U) {
diff = value - (double)whole;
if ((!(diff < 0.5) || (diff > 0.5)) && (whole & 1)) {
// exactly 0.5 and ODD, then round up
// 1.5 -> 2, but 2.5 -> 2
++whole;
}
}
else {
unsigned int count = prec;
// now do fractional part, as an unsigned number
while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
--count;
buf[len++] = (char)(48U + (frac % 10U));
if (!(frac /= 10U)) {
break;
}
}
// add extra 0s
while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (count-- > 0U)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
// add decimal
buf[len++] = '.';
}
}
// do whole part, number is reversed
while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
buf[len++] = (char)(48 + (whole % 10));
if (!(whole /= 10)) {
break;
}
}
// pad leading zeros
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {
if (width && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {
width--;
}
while ((len < width) && (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
if (negative) {
buf[len++] = '-';
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {
buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {
buf[len++] = ' ';
}
}
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);
}
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
// internal ftoa variant for exponential floating-point type, contributed by Martijn Jasperse <m.jasperse@gmail.com>
static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
// check for NaN and special values
if ((value != value) || (value > DBL_MAX) || (value < -DBL_MAX)) {
return _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);
}
// determine the sign
const bool negative = value < 0;
if (negative) {
value = -value;
}
// default precision
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;
}
// determine the decimal exponent
// based on the algorithm by David Gay (https://www.ampl.com/netlib/fp/dtoa.c)
union {
uint64_t U;
double F;
} conv;
conv.F = value;
int exp2 = (int)((conv.U >> 52U) & 0x07FFU) - 1023; // effectively log2
conv.U = (conv.U & ((1ULL << 52U) - 1U)) | (1023ULL << 52U); // drop the exponent so conv.F is now in [1,2)
// now approximate log10 from the log2 integer part and an expansion of ln around 1.5
int expval = (int)(0.1760912590558 + exp2 * 0.301029995663981 + (conv.F - 1.5) * 0.289529654602168);
// now we want to compute 10^expval but we want to be sure it won't overflow
exp2 = (int)(expval * 3.321928094887362 + 0.5);
const double z = expval * 2.302585092994046 - exp2 * 0.6931471805599453;
const double z2 = z * z;
conv.U = (uint64_t)(exp2 + 1023) << 52U;
// compute exp(z) using continued fractions, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function#Continued_fractions_for_ex
conv.F *= 1 + 2 * z / (2 - z + (z2 / (6 + (z2 / (10 + z2 / 14)))));
// correct for rounding errors
if (value < conv.F) {
expval--;
conv.F /= 10;
}
// the exponent format is "%+03d" and largest value is "307", so set aside 4-5 characters
unsigned int minwidth = ((expval < 100) && (expval > -100)) ? 4U : 5U;
// in "%g" mode, "prec" is the number of *significant figures* not decimals
if (flags & FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP) {
// do we want to fall-back to "%f" mode?
if ((value >= 1e-4) && (value < 1e6)) {
if ((int)prec > expval) {
prec = (unsigned)((int)prec - expval - 1);
}
else {
prec = 0;
}
flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION; // make sure _ftoa respects precision
// no characters in exponent
minwidth = 0U;
expval = 0;
}
else {
// we use one sigfig for the whole part
if ((prec > 0) && (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
--prec;
}
}
}
// will everything fit?
unsigned int fwidth = width;
if (width > minwidth) {
// we didn't fall-back so subtract the characters required for the exponent
fwidth -= minwidth;
} else {
// not enough characters, so go back to default sizing
fwidth = 0U;
}
if ((flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && minwidth) {
// if we're padding on the right, DON'T pad the floating part
fwidth = 0U;
}
// rescale the float value
if (expval) {
value /= conv.F;
}
// output the floating part
const size_t start_idx = idx;
idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, negative ? -value : value, prec, fwidth, flags & ~FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP);
// output the exponent part
if (minwidth) {
// output the exponential symbol
out((flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
// output the exponent value
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (expval < 0) ? -expval : expval, expval < 0, 10, 0, minwidth-1, FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_PLUS);
// might need to right-pad spaces
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (idx - start_idx < width) out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
return idx;
}
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
// internal vsnprintf
static int _vsnprintf(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, const size_t maxlen, const char* format, va_list va)
{
unsigned int flags, width, precision, n;
size_t idx = 0U;
if (!buffer) {
// use null output function
out = _out_null;
}
while (*format)
{
// format specifier? %[flags][width][.precision][length]
if (*format != '%') {
// no
out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
continue;
}
else {
// yes, evaluate it
format++;
}
// evaluate flags
flags = 0U;
do {
switch (*format) {
case '0': flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '-': flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '+': flags |= FLAGS_PLUS; format++; n = 1U; break;
case ' ': flags |= FLAGS_SPACE; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '#': flags |= FLAGS_HASH; format++; n = 1U; break;
default : n = 0U; break;
}
} while (n);
// evaluate width field
width = 0U;
if (_is_digit(*format)) {
width = _atoi(&format);
}
else if (*format == '*') {
const int w = va_arg(va, int);
if (w < 0) {
flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; // reverse padding
width = (unsigned int)-w;
}
else {
width = (unsigned int)w;
}
format++;
}
// evaluate precision field
precision = 0U;
if (*format == '.') {
flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION;
format++;
if (_is_digit(*format)) {
precision = _atoi(&format);
}
else if (*format == '*') {
const int prec = (int)va_arg(va, int);
precision = prec > 0 ? (unsigned int)prec : 0U;
format++;
}
}
// evaluate length field
switch (*format) {
case 'l' :
flags |= FLAGS_LONG;
format++;
if (*format == 'l') {
flags |= FLAGS_LONG_LONG;
format++;
}
break;
case 'h' :
flags |= FLAGS_SHORT;
format++;
if (*format == 'h') {
flags |= FLAGS_CHAR;
format++;
}
break;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T)
case 't' :
flags |= (sizeof(ptrdiff_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
#endif
case 'j' :
flags |= (sizeof(intmax_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
case 'z' :
flags |= (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
default :
break;
}
// evaluate specifier
switch (*format) {
case 'd' :
case 'i' :
case 'u' :
case 'x' :
case 'X' :
case 'o' :
case 'b' : {
// set the base
unsigned int base;
if (*format == 'x' || *format == 'X') {
base = 16U;
}
else if (*format == 'o') {
base = 8U;
}
else if (*format == 'b') {
base = 2U;
}
else {
base = 10U;
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH; // no hash for dec format
}
// uppercase
if (*format == 'X') {
flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
}
// no plus or space flag for u, x, X, o, b
if ((*format != 'i') && (*format != 'd')) {
flags &= ~(FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE);
}
// ignore '0' flag when precision is given
if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_ZEROPAD;
}
// convert the integer
if ((*format == 'i') || (*format == 'd')) {
// signed
if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
const long long value = va_arg(va, long long);
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
#endif
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {
const long value = va_arg(va, long);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
const int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (char)va_arg(va, int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (short int)va_arg(va, int) : va_arg(va, int);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned int)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
}
}
else {
// unsigned
if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long long), false, base, precision, width, flags);
#endif
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long), false, base, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
const unsigned int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (unsigned char)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (unsigned short int)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : va_arg(va, unsigned int);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, false, base, precision, width, flags);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
case 'f' :
case 'F' :
if (*format == 'F') flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);
format++;
break;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'g':
case 'G':
if ((*format == 'g')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP;
if ((*format == 'E')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
idx = _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);
format++;
break;
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
case 'c' : {
unsigned int l = 1U;
// pre padding
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// char output
out((char)va_arg(va, int), buffer, idx++, maxlen);
// post padding
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
case 's' : {
const char* p = va_arg(va, char*);
unsigned int l = _strnlen_s(p, precision ? precision : (size_t)-1);
// pre padding
if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {
l = (l < precision ? l : precision);
}
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// string output
while ((*p != 0) && (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || precision--)) {
out(*(p++), buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
// post padding
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
case 'p' : {
width = sizeof(void*) * 2U;
flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
const bool is_ll = sizeof(uintptr_t) == sizeof(long long);
if (is_ll) {
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
#endif
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*)), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
}
#endif
format++;
break;
}
case '%' :
out('%', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
break;
default :
out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
break;
}
}
// termination
out((char)0, buffer, idx < maxlen ? idx : maxlen - 1U, maxlen);
// return written chars without terminating \0
return (int)idx;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int printf_(const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
char buffer[1];
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va)
{
char buffer[1];
return _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
}
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va)
{
return _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va);
}
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const out_fct_wrap_type out_fct_wrap = { out, arg };
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_fct, (char*)(uintptr_t)&out_fct_wrap, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}

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src/kernel/libs/printf.h Normal file
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
// 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
//
// \license The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on
// embedded systems with a very limited resources.
// Use this instead of bloated standard/newlib printf.
// These routines are thread safe and reentrant.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _PRINTF_H_
#define _PRINTF_H_
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* Output a character to a custom device like UART, used by the printf() function
* This function is declared here only. You have to write your custom implementation somewhere
* \param character Character to output
*/
void _putchar(char character);
/**
* Tiny printf implementation
* You have to implement _putchar if you use printf()
* To avoid conflicts with the regular printf() API it is overridden by macro defines
* and internal underscore-appended functions like printf_() are used
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are written into the array, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define printf printf_
int printf_(const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny sprintf implementation
* Due to security reasons (buffer overflow) YOU SHOULD CONSIDER USING (V)SNPRINTF INSTEAD!
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string. MUST be big enough to store the output!
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define sprintf sprintf_
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny snprintf/vsnprintf implementation
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string
* \param count The maximum number of characters to store in the buffer, including a terminating null character
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that COULD have been written into the buffer, not counting the terminating
* null character. A value equal or larger than count indicates truncation. Only when the returned value
* is non-negative and less than count, the string has been completely written.
*/
#define snprintf snprintf_
#define vsnprintf vsnprintf_
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...);
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* Tiny vprintf implementation
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define vprintf vprintf_
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* printf with output function
* You may use this as dynamic alternative to printf() with its fixed _putchar() output
* \param out An output function which takes one character and an argument pointer
* \param arg An argument pointer for user data passed to output function
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are sent to the output function, not counting the terminating null character
*/
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif // _PRINTF_H_

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src/link.ld Normal file
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SEARCH_DIR(objects)
INPUT(
bootloader.o
libc.o
serial.o
video.o
printf.o
page.o
acpi.o
kernel.o
)
/*while we do need to worry about the stack converging on our kernel,
this is only temporary, and it will be more noticable then if it were to hit bios (we want to find bugs, not ignore them!)*/
_kernel_stack_loc = 0x200000 - 16;
_kernel_loc = 0x100000;
_meminfo_loc = 0x7000;
_vbe_infoblock = 0x500; /* this does not account for segmentation to get over 0xffff*/
SECTIONS
{
. = 0x0;
bootloader 0x7c00 :
{
bootloader.o(.text)
}
kernel _kernel_loc :
AT (ADDR(bootloader) + SIZEOF(bootloader))
/*ALIGN(4096)*/
{
EXCLUDE_FILE (*bootloader.o) *(.text .data .bss .rodata .comment .eh_frame)
}
}
_kernel_size = (SIZEOF(kernel) / 512) + (SIZEOF(bootloader) / 512) + 2;
_bootloader_stage1_size = (SIZEOF(bootloader) / 512) - 1;

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src/makefile Normal file
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LD=../compiler/indigo_gcc/bin/x86_64-elf-ld
CC=../compiler/indigo_gcc/bin/x86_64-elf-gcc
OBJCPY=../compiler/indigo_gcc/bin/x86_64-elf-objcopy
INC=-Ikernel/include
EMU_CORES=4
EMU_RAM=2G
XRES=1024
YRES=768
#TODO clean up make vs debug
make:
nasm -g -felf64 bootloader/bootloader.asm -o objects/bootloader.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/kernel.c -o objects/kernel.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/acpi.c -o objects/acpi.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/drivers/serial.c -o objects/serial.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/drivers/video.c -o objects/video.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/printf.c -o objects/printf.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/page.c -o objects/page.o
$(CC) $(INC) -g -ffreestanding -c kernel/libs/libc.c -o objects/libc.o
$(LD) -o indigo_os.elf --oformat=elf64-x86-64 -T link.ld
$(OBJCPY) --only-keep-debug indigo_os.elf debug/debug_syms.o
$(OBJCPY) -O binary --strip-all indigo_os.elf indigo_os
ifneq ("$(wildcard $(./debug/serial.in))","")
mkfifo debug/serial.in
endif
ifneq ("$(wildcard $(./debug/serial.out))","")
mkfifo debug/serial.out
endif
rm -f indigo_os.elf
run:
qemu-system-x86_64 -smp $(EMU_CORES) -m $(EMU_RAM) -nographic -drive format=raw,file=./indigo_os
gdb: indigo_os
tmux new-session -s os_gdb "qemu-system-x86_64 -smp $(EMU_CORES) -nographic -S -s -drive format=raw,file=./indigo_os -m $(EMU_RAM)"\;\
split-window -h "gdb -x debug/gdbinit.gdb; killall qemu-system-x86_64"
run-graphical:
qemu-system-x86_64 -S -s -smp $(EMU_CORES) -serial pipe:debug/serial -device VGA,edid=on,xres=$(XRES),yres=$(YRES) -drive format=raw,file=./indigo_os &\
gdb -x debug/gdbinit.gdb; killall qemu-system-x86_64
clean:
rm -f objects/*
rm -f indigo_os
rm -f bin/*
rm -f debug/debug_syms.o
rm -f debug/serial.in
rm -f debug/serial.out
rm -f indigo_os.elf

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tools/edid/bparse-edid Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('edid_file', type=str, help="edid file")
args = parser.parse_args()
f = open(args.edid_file, 'rb')
edid = f.read()
x = edid[56] | ((edid[58] & 0xf0) << 4)
y = edid[59] | ((edid[61] & 0xf0) << 4)
print("resolution: {} x {}".format(x, y))
f.close()

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tools/edid/desktop_edid Normal file
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BIN
tools/edid/laptop_edid Normal file
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29
tools/page/page.py Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
from math import ceil as c
def get_offsets(addr):
if addr % 4096:
print("You must align to 4096!")
return 0
if addr > 2 ** 47:
print("Address too big!")
return 0
pte = (addr >> 12) & 0x1ff
pde = (addr >> 21) & 0x1ff
pdpe =(addr >> 30) & 0x1ff
pml4 =(addr >> 39) & 0x1ff
print("pte:\t{}\npde:\t{}\npdpe:\t{}\npml4:\t{}".format(pte, pde, pdpe, pml4))
def get_table_size(addr):
pte_cnt = c(c(addr / (1 << 12)) / 512) * 512
pde_cnt = c(c(addr / (1 << 21)) / 512) * 512
pdpe_cnt = c(c(addr / (1 << 30)) / 512) * 512
pml4_cnt = c(c(addr / (1 << 39)) / 512) * 512
return((pte_cnt + pde_cnt + pdpe_cnt + pml4_cnt) * 8)
ts = get_table_size(68719476736)
print(hex(ts))